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| Inflation rates and forecasts | ||||||||||||||||
| Price inflation (%) | Building tender price inflation (%) | |||||||||||||||
| Country | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 |
| Austria | – | – | – | – | 0.9 | 2.0 | – | – | 3.4 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 2.5 | – | – |
| Cyprus | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7.7 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 8.0 | 6.3 | 11.9 | 10.7 | 5.2 |
| Czech Republic | 9.0 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.3 | – | 18.3 | 3.5 | 10.7 | 8.5 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.7 |
| Denmark | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 2.4 | 7.0 | 1.5 | 4.3 | 4.1 |
| Finland | 1.3 | -0.8 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 1.6 | – | –0.4 | –7.4 | 9.1 | 11.2 | 13.3 | 1.5 | 2.3 | – |
| France | 1.8 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 1.6 |
| Germany | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 1.6 | – | 2.4 | 2.1 | –2.5 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | – | – |
| Hungary | 29.8 | 23.0 | 18.0 | 14.5 | 10.5 | 9.5 | – | – | 27.3 | 14.0 | 19.0 | 11.5 | 10.0 | 9.5 | – | – |
| Ireland | 1.8 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 10.2 | 15.7 | – | – | 2.0 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.2 | – | – | – | – |
| Italy | 6.4 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.1 |
| Netherlands | 1.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | – | – | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 5.0 | 3.2 | – | – |
| Norway | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 4.8 | 4.7 | – | 3.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.7 | – |
| Poland | 28.0 | 19.5 | 15.3 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 10.3 | – | – | 21.9 | 21.1 | 14.1 | 7.0 | 8.6 | 3.7 | – | – |
| Romania | – | 22.8 | 60.2 | – | 10.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 18.5 | 42.6 | 56.4 | – | – |
| Slovakia | – | 10.0 | 8.9 | 16.2 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 6.0 | 5.7 |
| Spain | – | – | – | – | 2.7 | 2.4 | – | – | 3.5 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 5.4 | 2.2 | – | – |
| Sweden | 1.9 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Switzerland | – | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.0 | 1.5 | – | |
| UK | 3.5 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.2 |
| Argentina | 1.9 | –0.9 | 2.9 | 2.0 | –1.8 | –0.5 | 1.1 | – | 0.8 | –5.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | –0.2 | –1.7 | 1.0 | – |
| Australia | 4.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 3.0 | – | – | 1.9 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
| China | – | – | 1.8 | –1.5 | –1.3 | – | – | – | –1.5 | –2.5 | –2.5 | –1.2 | –0.2 | 0.5 | – | – |
| Egypt | – | – | – | – | – | 2.6 | – | – | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 |
| Hong Kong | 8.2 | 7.0 | 5.3 | –1.7 | –4.0 | –3.6 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 12.4 | 10.2 | 20.0 | –7.7 | –4.5 | –12.2 | 5.4 | 4.4 |
| India | – | – | – | 15.0 | 3.1 | 4.0 | – | – | 8.1 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.2 |
| Indonesia | 3.9 | 3.4 | 6.9 | 74.4 | 1.8 | 5.9 | – | – | 2.1 | 2.3 | 10.0 | 48.5 | 13.8 | 12.1 | – | – |
| Israel | 13.0 | 8.0 | 10.7 | 6.7 | 2.8 | 4.7 | – | – | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 4.6 | – | – |
| Japan | 0.9 | –1.7 | –0.6 | –3.5 | 0.3 | –0.2 | – | – | –2.7 | –1.3 | –0.3 | –2.2 | –1.6 | – | – | – |
| Kenya | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10.0 | 9.1 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 2.9 | 25.7 | 13.6 |
| Malaysia | – | – | – | – | – | 1.5 | – | – | 2.0 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 4.0 | – | – | – |
| New Zealand | 2.9 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.4 | – | – | 3.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | –0.4 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 |
| Philippines | – | – | 5.3 | 10.2 | 5.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | 5.0 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Singapore | – | – | 2.3 | –1.4 | 0.9 | 1.7 | – | – | 5.2 | 8.9 | 2.7 | 0.0 | –14.2 | –8.2 | – | – |
| South Africa | – | 6.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | – | – | – | – | 6.8 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 11.8 | 6.5 | 4.2 | – |
| Sri Lanka | 7.7 | 15.9 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 4.7 | 17.7 | – | – | 6.2 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 5.5 |
| Taiwan | 2.0 | –0.5 | 5.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | –1.6 | –1.1 | –0.3 | 1.8 | –1.8 | 1.2 | –0.3 | 1.1 | –1.0 | –0.9 | –0.4 |
| Thailand | – | – | 7.0 | 5.8 | – | 2.3 | – | – | 5.7 | –0.9 | 8.1 | –1.7 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.6 |
| UAE | 4.5 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 8.3 | 0.0 | –3.8 | –1.6 | – | 4.5 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 8.3 | 0.1 | – | – | – |
| USA * | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 2.6 | – | – | 3.3 | 2.3 | 3.75 | 5.8 | 3.9 | 3.3 | – | – |
| * US building tender price inflation figures are an average for eight cities: Boston, Honolulu, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Pheonix, Portland, San Francisco and Seattle. | ||||||||||||||||
| Building costs: offices and industrial (£/m2) | ||||||||||||
| City-centre heated offices | City-centre air-conditioned offices | Factories, warehouses, industrial | Out-of-town business park | |||||||||
| £/m2 | £/m2 | floors* | £/m2 | £/m2 | floors* | £/m2 | £/m2 | floors* | £/m2 | £/m2 | floors* | |
| Country | low | high | (typical) | low | high | (typical) | low | high | (typical) | low | high | (typical) |
| Austria | 937 | 1406 | – | 1156 | 1625 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cyprus | 288 | 555 | – | 324 | 618 | – | 188 | 398 | – | 419 | 837 | – |
| Czech Republic | 358 | 455 | 6 | 455 | 664 | – | 192 | 434 | 1 | 385 | 490 | 6 |
| Denmark | 932 | 1020 | 2 | 1173 | 1293 | 2 | 827 | 916 | 1 | 1181 | 1285 | 2 |
| Finland | 716 | 907 | 5 | 786 | 957 | 5 | 443 | 544 | 1 | 665 | 786 | 2 |
| France | 603 | 731 | 5 | 658 | 822 | 6 | 251 | 292 | 1 | 502 | 685 | 3 |
| Germany (Frankfurt) | 625 | 911 | – | 781 | 1072 | – | 260 | 443 | – | 729 | 996 | – |
| Greece | 287 | 555 | – | 324 | 616 | – | 188 | 396 | – | 417 | 836 | – |
| Hungary | 291 | 368 | 4 | 352 | 460 | 6 | 184 | 230 | 1 | 306 | 383 | 3 |
| Ireland | 677 | 951 | 5 | 837 | 1141 | 5 | 228 | 342 | 1 | 342 | 456 | 1 |
| Italy | 495 | 619 | 8 | 588 | 944 | 8 | 294 | 526 | 1 | 805 | 1037 | 1 |
| Netherlands | 610 | 742 | 6 | 733 | 965 | 8 | 294 | 454 | 1 | 666 | 775 | 1 |
| Norway | 699 | 1152 | 4 | 741 | 1234 | 5 | 411 | 987 | 1 | 987 | 1481 | 4 |
| Poland | 448 | 727 | – | 606 | 946 | – | 279 | 462 | 1 | – | – | – |
| Romania | 406 | 454 | 8 | 447 | 489 | 8 | – | – | – | N/A | N/A | – |
| Slovakia | 288 | 365 | 6 | 365 | 534 | 6 | 154 | 348 | 1 | 309 | 393 | 6 |
| Spain | 274 | 329 | – | 312 | 375 | – | 137 | 165 | – | 432 | 504 | – |
| Sweden | 607 | 704 | 4 | 635 | 807 | 4 | 435 | 566 | 1 | 552 | 690 | 1 |
| Switzerland | 682 | 826 | – | 826 | 1005 | – | 431 | 574 | – | 682 | 897 | – |
| UK | 900 | 1000 | 7 | 1250 | 1800 | 8 | 235 | 390 | 1 | 970 | 1180 | 4 |
| Argentina | N/A | N/A | – | 464 | 607 | 20 | 107 | 143 | 1 | 357 | 500 | 3 |
| Australia** | N/A | N/A | – | 569 | 923 | 24 | 177 | 247 | 1 | 410 | 597 | 3 |
| China | 565 | 741 | 25 | 590 | 767 | 25 | 233 | 405 | 2 | 690 | 845 | 3 |
| Egypt | 149 | 279 | 5 | 167 | 372 | 5 | 93 | 186 | 3 | 167 | 279 | 3 |
| Hong Kong | N/A | N/A | – | 961 | 1244 | 45 | 430 | 604 | 15 | 1198 | 1555 | 4 |
| India | N/A | N/A | – | 198 | 244 | 10 | 152 | 183 | 1 | 183 | 228 | 6 |
| Indonesia | N/A | N/A | – | 189 | 246 | – | 133 | 171 | – | 133 | 152 | – |
| Israel | N/A | N/A | – | 487 | 600 | 10 | 226 | 296 | 2 | 435 | 574 | 6 |
| Japan | N/A | N/A | – | 1662 | 2727 | 15 | 385 | 847 | 1 | 1495 | 2316 | – |
| Kenya | 229 | 320 | 8 | 274 | 384 | 8 | 165 | 210 | 1 | N/A | N/A | – |
| Malaysia | N/A | N/A | – | 188 | 338 | 30 | 84 | 131 | 2 | N/A | N/A | – |
| New Zealand | 428 | 514 | 20 | 514 | 599 | 25 | 86 | 171 | – | 285 | 371 | 2 |
| Oman | N/A | N/A | – | 408 | 676 | – | 204 | 510 | – | N/A | N/A | – |
| Philippines | N/A | N/A | – | 276 | 363 | 40 | 145 | 204 | 2 | 291 | 320 | 8 |
| Saudi Arabia | N/A | N/A | – | 571 | 951 | 7 | 399 | 666 | 1 | N/A | N/A | – |
| Singapore | N/A | N/A | – | 697 | 819 | 25 | 268 | 328 | – | 568 | 629 | – |
| South Africa † | 164 | 182 | – | 196 | 280 | – | 108 | 157 | – | N/A | N/A | – |
| Sri Lanka | N/A | N/A | – | 674 | 952 | 18 | 88 | 104 | – | 365 | 432 | 4 |
| Taiwan | 328 | 460 | 15 | 394 | 525 | 15 | 197 | 263 | 2 | 263 | 328 | 8 |
| Thailand | N/A | N/A | – | 358 | 456 | 30 | 114 | 147 | 2 | N/A | N/A | – |
| UAE | N/A | N/A | – | 389 | 680 | 20 | 194 | 389 | – | 369 | 534 | 3 |
| USA †† | 836 | 1140 | 4 | 954 | 1406 | 18 | 380 | 644 | 1 | 809 | 1208 | 3 |
| * Typical number of storeys has only been provided where identified by local offices. ** Australia figures are an average for Melbourne and Sydney. † South Africa figures are an average for Durban, Johannesburg and Pretoria. †† USA figures are an average for 11 cities: Boston, Denver, Hawaii, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York, Pheonix, Portland, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington DC. | ||||||||||||
| Building costs: residential and retail (£/m2) | ||||||||||||
| High-rise apartments | Shopping centre | High-quality capital city hotel ** | Provincial/ suburban hotel ** | |||||||||
| £/m2 | £/m2 | floors* | £/m2 | £/m2 | floors* | £/m2 | £/m2 | floors* | £/m2 | £/m2 | floors* | |
| Country | low | high | (typical) | low | high | (typical) | low | high | (typical) | low | high | (typical) |
| Austria | 1062 | 1125 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cyprus | 345 | 492 | – | 293 | 523 | – | 523 | 837 | – | 335 | 471 | – |
| Czech Republic | 297 | 437 | 10 | 367 | 525 | 2 | 612 | 874 | 8 | 395 | 525 | 3 |
| Denmark | 852 | 948 | 5 | 1004 | 1092 | 1 | 1269 | 1358 | 5 | 940 | 1004 | 3 |
| Finland | 786 | 1139 | 4 | 544 | 665 | 2 | 1078 | 1199 | 5 | 836 | 957 | 3 |
| France | 484 | 621 | 10 | 411 | 639 | 2 | 1142 | 1462 | 8 | 639 | 822 | 4 |
| Germany (Frankfurt) | 521 | 677 | – | 651 | 911 | – | 1042 | 1172 | – | 651 | 911 | – |
| Greece | 343 | 493 | – | 292 | 523 | – | 523 | 836 | – | 335 | 470 | – |
| Hungary | 260 | 322 | 7 | 352 | 521 | 2 | 582 | 888 | 7 | 291 | 429 | 5 |
| Ireland | 533 | 685 | 5 | 1141 | 1446 | 2 | 913 | 1103 | 4 | 761 | 951 | 3 |
| Italy | 557 | 696 | 4 | 820 | 1176 | 1 | 712 | 1083 | 4 | 511 | 866 | 2 |
| Netherlands | 379 | 617 | 10 | 500 | 681 | 1 | 1111 | 1286 | 8 | 965 | 1063 | 4 |
| Norway | 561 | 935 | 3 | 560 | 905 | 2 | 1481 | 1646 | 5 | 741 | 1070 | 2 |
| Poland | 401 | 702 | – | 466 | 681 | 2 | 821 | 1025 | – | 562 | 821 | – |
| Romania | 272 | 314 | 8 | N/A | N/A | – | 629 | 698 | 7 | 503 | 545 | 5 |
| Slovakia | 239 | 351 | 10 | 295 | 421 | 2 | 492 | 702 | 8 | 317 | 421 | 3 |
| Spain | 328 | 393 | – | 298 | 357 | – | 468 | 562 | – | 343 | 418 | – |
| Sweden | 442 | 580 | 4 | 676 | 800 | 2 | 842 | 1028 | 6 | 662 | 786 | 4 |
| Switzerland | 718 | 933 | – | 502 | 646 | – | 1005 | 1220 | – | 646 | 861 | – |
| UK | 900 | 1500 | 8 | 800 | 1300 | 2 | 1450 | 1750 | 10 | 1100 | 1300 | 4 |
| Argentina | 321 | 428 | 25 | 428 | 571 | 3 | 643 | 714 | 20 | 357 | 428 | 4 |
| Australia † | 457 | 783 | 15 | 392 | 588 | 2 | 858 | 1156 | 18 | 681 | 858 | 3 |
| China | 302 | 396 | 35 | 646 | 793 | 4 | 776 | 1077 | 25 | 603 | 879 | 15 |
| Egypt | 149 | 372 | 12 | 167 | 260 | 4 | 386 | 743 | 12 | 167 | 372 | 5 |
| Hong Kong | 915 | 1153 | 45 | 1034 | 1198 | 4 | 1052 | 1500 | 25 | N/A | N/A | – |
| India | 122 | 183 | 15 | 183 | 274 | 3 | 533 | 913 | 10 | 198 | 244 | 7 |
| Indonesia | 152 | 227 | – | 133 | 152 | – | 265 | 341 | – | 208 | 246 | – |
| Israel | 435 | 478 | 16 | 348 | 478 | 2 | 522 | 652 | 12 | 382 | 522 | 3 |
| Japan | 1752 | 1944 | 20 | 706 | 1752 | – | 2336 | 3497 | 20 | 1655 | 2137 | 10 |
| Kenya | N/A | N/A | – | 238 | 293 | 3 | 320 | 412 | 6 | 256 | 348 | 5 |
| Malaysia | 113 | 357 | 15 | 160 | 338 | 3 | 282 | 657 | – | 225 | 469 | – |
| New Zealand | 399 | 542 | 20 | 242 | 399 | – | 656 | 742 | – | 514 | 599 | – |
| Oman | 478 | 815 | – | 463 | 1112 | – | 510 | 917 | – | 389 | 713 | – |
| Philippines | 262 | 393 | 30 | 174 | 218 | 4 | 480 | 582 | 35 | 291 | 349 | 8 |
| Saudi Arabia | 666 | 913 | 7 | 571 | 951 | 2 | 761 | 923 | 7 | 609 | 977 | 4 |
| Singapore | 616 | 819 | 25 | 446 | 527 | – | 852 | 973 | – | 649 | 811 | – |
| South Africa †† | 222 | 328 | – | 173 | 236 | – | 295 | 397 | – | 222 | 292 | – |
| Sri Lanka | 599 | 767 | 15 | 358 | 478 | 4 | 746 | 970 | 10 | 460 | 530 | 4 |
| Taiwan | 591 | 722 | 14 | 427 | 490 | 10 | 460 | 525 | 15 | 360 | 490 | 10 |
| Thailand | 277 | 358 | 20 | 212 | 293 | 4 | 456 | 521 | 20 | 244 | 326 | 3 |
| UAE | 408 | 777 | 15 | 437 | 1166 | 3 | 486 | 971 | 15 | 408 | 680 | 7 |
| USA § | 684 | 1189 | 17 | 642 | 998 | 2 | 1357 | 1877 | 15 | 918 | 1222 | 5 |
| * Typical number of storeys has only been provided where identified by local offices. ** Excludes furniture, fittings and equipment. † Australia figures are an average for Melbourne and Sydney. †† South Africa figures are an average for Durban, Johannesburg and Pretoria. § USA figures are an average for 11 cities: Boston, Denver, Hawaii, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York, Pheonix, Portland, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington DC. | ||||||||||||
| Labour rates (£/hour) | ||||||
| Basic rate * | All-in rate ** | |||||
| Country | Unskilled | Semi-skilled | Skilled | Unskilled | Semi-skilled | Skilled |
| Austria | 4.55 | 4.98 | 5.88 | 9.31 | 10.02 | 11.40 |
| Cyprus | 3.09 | 3.35 | 3.98 | 4.92 | 5.50 | 6.80 |
| Czech Republic | 0.80 | 1.49 | 2.45 | 2.54 | 3.67 | 5.33 |
| Denmark | 10.84 | 12.13 | 13.33 | 20.73 | 23.54 | 25.55 |
| Finland | 5.04 | 6.65 | 7.76 | 8.67 | 11.49 | 13.50 |
| France | 5.48 | 6.39 | 7.76 | 10.96 | 12.79 | 15.53 |
| Germany (Frankfurt) | 5.51 | 6.74 | 10.72 | 18.38 | 19.91 | 22.98 |
| Greece | 3.17 | 3.35 | 4.05 | 4.93 | 5.63 | 6.87 |
| Hungary | 0.69 | 1.13 | 1.62 | 2.08 | 3.28 | 4.66 |
| Ireland | 5.92 | 6.73 | 7.40 | 10.63 | 12.22 | 13.29 |
| Italy | 6.19 | 6.81 | 7.74 | 13.63 | 14.78 | 15.66 |
| Netherlands | – | – | 15.50 | – | – | 17.81 |
| Norway | 5.84 | 9.35 | 10.85 | 16.46 | 17.95 | 21.32 |
| Poland | 1.21 | 1.49 | 1.80 | 2.25 | 2.78 | 3.34 |
| Romania | 0.53 | 0.71 | 0.88 | 0.80 | 1.06 | 1.33 |
| Slovakia | 0.63 | 1.19 | 1.97 | 2.04 | 2.88 | 4.21 |
| Spain | 4.32 | 4.68 | 5.04 | 6.48 | 6.84 | 7.20 |
| Sweden | 5.17 | 7.24 | 9.31 | 8.97 | 12.42 | 17.25 |
| Switzerland | 11.20 | 12.20 | 12.63 | 18.66 | 20.46 | 21.54 |
| UK | 4.78 | 5.46 | 6.35 | 6.30 | 7.23 | 8.44 |
| Argentina | 1.64 | 2.00 | 2.36 | 3.21 | 3.93 | 4.64 |
| Australia † | 5.55 | 6.01 | 6.32 | 9.85 | 10.52 | 11.09 |
| China | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.48 | 0.22 | 0.34 | 0.55 |
| Egypt | 0.37 | 0.63 | 1.12 | 0.56 | 0.84 | 1.49 |
| Hong Kong | 6.95 | 0.00 | 11.16 | 7.96 | 0.00 | 12.81 |
| India | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.34 |
| Indonesia | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.38 |
| Israel | 4.17 | 5.22 | 6.95 | 4.87 | 6.61 | 9.04 |
| Japan | 11.61 | 14.95 | 17.52 | 17.45 | 22.46 | 26.31 |
| Kenya | 0.19 | 0.30 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.70 |
| Malaysia | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.03 | 1.31 | 2.16 |
| New Zealand | 2.85 | 4.42 | 5.71 | 3.42 | 5.56 | 6.99 |
| Oman | 0.56 | 0.74 | 1.02 | 1.20 | 1.48 | 1.85 |
| Philippines | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.64 | 0.52 | 0.63 | 0.73 |
| Saudi Arabia | 0.86 | 1.14 | 1.90 | 1.62 | 2.09 | 2.85 |
| Singapore | 1.46 | 1.95 | 2.43 | 2.39 | 2.47 | 2.64 |
| South Africa †† | 0.70 | 1.25 | 2.10 | 0.88 | 1.61 | 2.72 |
| Sri Lanka | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.30 |
| Taiwan | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.68 | 0.81 | 0.98 | 1.09 |
| Thailand | 0.41 | 0.65 | 0.90 | 0.49 | 0.73 | 0.98 |
| UAE | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.97 | 1.17 | 1.22 | 1.42 |
| USA § | 15.51 | 18.47 | 22.00 | 23.20 | 28.50 | 34.35 |
| * Basic labour rate is the amount paid to a site operative, based on figures issued by the government of each country. In many cases, employers may be paying above or below the basic rate. ** All-in rate includes guaranteed overtime payments, National Insurance contributions, other statutory contributions, importation of labour and other costs incurred in employment of labour. The all-in labour rate for the Middle East includes the cost of importing labour, food and accommodation. † Australia figures are an average for Melbourne and Sydney. †† South Africa figures are an average for Durban, Johannesburg and Pretoria. § USA figures are an average for 11 cities: Boston, Denver, Hawaii, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York, Pheonix, Portland, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington DC. | ||||||
| Building materials supply prices | |||||||||||
| Steel rebar high yield | Structural steel | Ordinary cement | Concrete, (20 N/mm2) | Aggregate all grades | Sand (coarse) | Plaster | Carcassing timber | Common bricks | Concrete blocks (100 mm) | Glass (6 mm) | |
| Country | £/tonne | £/tonne | £/tonne | £/m3 | £/tonne | £/tonne | £/tonne | £/m3 | £/1000 | £/m2 | £/m2 |
| Austria | 272 | – | 84 | – | 9 | 10 | 107 | – | – | – | – |
| Cyprus | 194 | 659 | 37 | 21 | 5 | 5 | 47 | 206 | 141 | 7 | 6 |
| Czech Republic | 280 | 490 | 41 | 24 | 6 | 6 | 29 | 96 | 122 | 6 | 5 |
| Denmark | 651 | 552 | 100 | 108 | 7 | 6 | 69 | 314 | 222 | 14 | – |
| Finland | 293 | 629 | 63 | 33 | 5 | 5 | 176 | 126 | – | 6 | 20 |
| France | 484 | 639 | 69 | 37 | 13 | 12 | 70 | 183 | 219 | 7 | 11 |
| Germany (Frankfurt) | 236 | 502 | 63 | 41 | 11 | 8 | 116 | 173 | 202 | 13 | 22 |
| Greece | 194 | 658 | 37 | 21 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 206 | 141 | 7 | 6 |
| Hungary | 331 | 475 | 46 | 20 | 8 | 7 | 83 | 144 | 119 | 7 | 9 |
| Ireland | 266 | 799 | 67 | 42 | 6 | 6 | 92 | – | 228 | 3 | 19 |
| Italy | 198 | 526 | 56 | 43 | 10 | 9 | 68 | 161 | 50 | 6 | 18 |
| Netherlands | 481 | 789 | 62 | 50 | 14 | 16 | 92 | 198 | 107 | 14 | 18 |
| Norway | 299 | 1047 | 97 | 49 | 7 | 7 | 94 | 135 | 299 | 11 | 21 |
| Poland | 236 | 290 | 38 | 27 | 7 | 2 | 57 | 146 | 105 | 6 | 4 |
| Romania | 237 | 237 | 31 | 23 | 10 | 10 | 50 | 384 | 94 | 2 | 6 |
| Slovakia | 246 | 433 | 36 | 22 | 5 | 5 | 25 | 84 | 108 | 5 | 5 |
| Spain | 360 | 378 | 40 | 37 | 8 | 9 | 68 | 157 | 68 | 4 | 12 |
| Sweden | 417 | 580 | 66 | 63 | 10 | 6 | 169 | 166 | 193 | 10 | 12 |
| Switzerland | 689 | – | 122 | 68 | 23 | 32 | 158 | 301 | – | – | 14 |
| UK | 377 | 613 | 80 | 63 | 12 | 12 | 131 | 208 | 180 | 8 | 21 |
| Argentina | 336 | 571 | 79 | 56 | 16 | 4 | 82 | 57 | 86 | 6 | 19 |
| Australia * | 383 | 485 | 85 | 41 | 11 | 8 | 103 | 242 | 168 | 7 | 13 |
| China | 215 | 259 | 28 | 27 | 5 | 4 | 19 | 125 | 23 | 3 | 4 |
| Egypt | 232 | 372 | 45 | 33 | 4 | 2 | – | 158 | 22 | 2 | 6 |
| Hong Kong | 189 | 334 | 60 | 46 | 7 | 4 | 55 | 132 | 74 | 7 | 4 |
| India | 264 | 335 | 41 | 37 | 12 | 3 | 30 | – | 23 | 5 | 8 |
| Indonesia | 171 | 303 | 30 | 23 | 4 | 3 | 121 | – | 19 | 1 | 3 |
| Israel | 243 | 743 | 47 | 40 | 78 | 2 | 43 | 574 | – | 6 | 8 |
| Japan | 186 | 449 | 57 | 77 | 26 | 28 | – | 340 | – | 10 | 13 |
| Kenya | 412 | 549 | 91 | 55 | 8 | 7 | – | 101 | – | 4 | 8 |
| Malaysia | 225 | 507 | 38 | 24 | 6 | 3 | 84 | 137 | 39 | 3 | 1 |
| New Zealand | 342 | 428 | 61 | 47 | 8 | 9 | – | 228 | 194 | 6 | 14 |
| Oman | 371 | 741 | 54 | 24 | 2 | 4 | 41 | 204 | – | 4 | 9 |
| Philippines | 225 | 304 | 40 | 33 | 9 | 6 | – | 165 | – | 1 | 33 |
| Saudi Arabia | 285 | 571 | 49 | 38 | 4 | 2 | 67 | 152 | N/A | 3 | 23 |
| Singapore | 207 | 288 | 33 | 18 | 4 | 4 | – | 296 | 55 | 4 | 11 |
| South Africa ** | 264 | 526 | 38 | 29 | 6 | 4 | 41 | 144 | 43 | 3 | 14 |
| Sri Lanka | 298 | 454 | 54 | 45 | 6 | 3 | – | 270 | 17 | 2 | 5 |
| Taiwan | 184 | 434 | 39 | 33 | 6 | 8 | – | 281 | 33 | 7 | 8 |
| Thailand | 187 | 489 | 33 | 37 | 5 | 4 | 81 | – | 10 | 5 | 5 |
| UAE | 185 | 291 | 31 | 27 | 7 | 12 | 165 | 291 | – | 3 | 16 |
| USA† | 526 | 1214 | 112 | 67 | 12 | 11 | 162 | 155 | 273 | 14 | 39 |
| * Australia figures are an average for Melbourne and Sydney. ** South Africa figures are an average for Durban, Johannesburg and Pretoria. † USA figures are an average for 11 cities: Boston, Denver, Hawaii, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York, Pheonix, Portland, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington DC. | |||||||||||