Cost model: Airport terminals | Features

	£/system
X-ray MVTHR scanner	200,000
CT examiner	600,000
Network interface	50,000
X-ray scanner (hand baggage)	70,000
Tilt tray sorter complete	10,000/m
Make-up carousel	75,000
Reclaim carousel	90,000
All costs are net of builders’ work, preliminaries and professional fees.

	£	£/m2 GIFA	%
Substructure	4,307,000	172.28	6.02
Undercroft construction; reduced-level excavation, 200mm-thick reinforced concrete ground slab, hardcore, damp-proof membrane: 8,550m2 @ £300
Ground slab; 200mm-thick reinforced insitu concrete bed, hardcore, damp-proof membrane: 1,050m2 @ £120
Extra for retaining walls, linings etc: item @ £320,000
Extra for foundations; isolated pad and raft foundations: 9,600m2 @ £105
Allowance for below-ground drainage and incoming services: 9,600m2 @ £30
Frame	3,585,800	143.43	5.01
Allowance for structural steel framing based on 80kg/m2 (average rate for universal and hollow sections): 1,330t @ £2,300
Allowance for structural steelwork to office mezzanine, based on 35kg/m2: 25t @ £1,950
Allowance for additional framing/trimming to service risers and openings for baggage conveyors: item @ £160,000
Cold-rolled galvanised steel roof purlins; 1.6m centres, 4.5kg/m average weight: 9,300m @ £10
Intumescent 1hr fire-resistant paint finish: 15,000m2 @ £15
Upper floors	1,570,000	62.80	2.20
Prestressed, precast concrete structural suspended floor units; 50mm-thick structural topping: 14,800m2 @ £95
Extra for 7.5kN/m2 floor loading to plant room areas: 500m2 @ £8
Extra for formation of openings, lift and escalator pits etc: item @ £160,000
Roof	5,551,500	222.06	7.76
Roof cladding, including perforated feature cladding, raised-seam aluminium roofing, structural deck, insulation, vapour barrier and liner: 9,200m2 @ £285
Extra for rooflights, with sealed double-glazed units, powder-coated aluminium framing and secondary steelwork including perforated panel sunscreens: 900m2 @ £950
Allowance for work to boundaries, gutters, rooflights, openings etc: 7,500m @ £80
Precast concrete roof slabs; 7.5kN/m2 floor loading, for roof-level plant, with waterproof membrane, plinths and bases: 450m2 @ £250
Full-length entrance/set-down canopy, complete with hollow-section framing, curved aluminium raised-seam roofing, rooflights: 1,300m2 @ £900
Allowance for roof safety system: 1,200m @ £160
Stairs	807,000	32.28	1.13
Steel feature stair and half-landings, overall rise 5.50m, with toughened, laminated glass balustrade, stainless steel handrails, finishes: 2 nr @ £40,000
Steel feature stair, overall rise 3.00m, with toughened, laminated glass balustrade, stainless steel handrails, finishes: 2 nr @ £32,000
Precast concrete stairs and half-landings, overall rise 5.50m, with stainless steel handrails, finishes: 2 nr @ £26,000
Precast concrete stairs and half-landings, overall rise 5.50m, with polyester powder-coated steel handrails, finishes: 16 nr @ £20,000
Balustrade and handrail to mezzanine and first floor with toughened laminated glass balustrade and stainless steel handrail: 190m @ £900
Allowance for access platforms and stairs to plant rooms: item @ £100,000
Allowance for roof access, stairs and hatches: item @ £20,000
External walls, windows and doors	6,840,200	273.61	9.57
Wall cladding; aluminium-faced composite panels with 25% glazing in aluminium-framed sealed double-glazed units, flashings and accessories: internal lining, including 140mm-thick blockwork backing wall: 7,000m2 @ £650
Curtain walling; silicone-sealed double-glazed units, colour-coated aluminium framing, flashings and accessories: 1,750m2 @ £900
Extra for shopfront feature curtain walling to entrance areas: 100m2 @ £400
Extra for triple-glazing and increased depth of framing to airside curtain walling: 480m2 @ £240
Louvre panels to plant areas, of powder-coated aluminium: 250m2 @ £400
Principal entrance double doorsets (2 nr) and wind lobby, fully glazed with ironmongery and accessories: 6 nr @ £50,000
Aluminium-faced powder-coated vision-panel double doors and frames, with ironmongery: 10 nr @ £10,000
High-speed sectional doors to baggage handling, electrically operated, including controls: 4 nr @ £15,000
Internal walls and partitions	2,099,000	83.96	2.94
Insitu concrete shear walls to stair cores and service risers, 250mm average thickness: 2,500m2 @ £140
Blockwork partitions, 140mm average thickness, with head restraint: 7,700m2 @ £60
Metal stud partitions; 5.0m high, single-layer impact-resistant board, single-layer wallboard, each side, to public areas: 2,500m2 @ £80
Metal stud partitions; double-layer wallboard, each side, to office areas: 1,050m2 @ £60
Metal stud partitions; shaftwall construction, double-layer fireline board, single-layer core board, one side only: 2,000m2 @ £100
Fascia panel to ticket sales desks: 40m @ £800
Fully glazed shopfronts; fascia panel: 160m @ £3,200
Toilet cubicle partitions: 50 nr @ £1,600
Melamine-faced solid-laminate access panelling to WCs etc: 150 nr @ £800
Allowance for additional screens and partitions: item @ £80,000
Internal doors	371,100	14.84	0.52
Flush doors to public areas, solid-core laminate/veneer-faced with hardwood frames and ironmongery: 100 nr @ £1,450
Flush doors to administration areas, solid-core laminate/veneer-faced with hardwood frames and ironmongery: 72 nr @ £1,300
Duct access doors: 100 nr @ £1,125
Allowance for additional services access panels: item @ £20,000
Wall finishes	1,224,600	48.98	1.71
Independent wall lining; plasterboard lining to inner face of external walls: 4,600m2 @ £50
Extra over plasterboard linings for laminate-finish wall panelling: 2,500m2 @ £15
Laminate-finish wall panelling to blockwork: 3,700m2 @ £65
Ceramic tiles with sand cement backing to concrete or blockwork: 300m2 @ £65
13mm double-coat lightweight plaster and two coats emulsion paint to blockwork/concrete: 10,900m2 @ £20
Two coats emulsion paint to blockwork: 6,650m2 @ £5
Skim coat and two coats emulsion paint to plasterboard: 5,900m2 @ £12
Wall protectors, stainless steel protective rails: 1,500m @ £250
Floor finishes	1,720,500	68.82	2.41
Sand cement screed, average 40mm thick: 10,040m2 @ £24
Granite terrazzo floor tiles, 300 x 300mm, including allowance for skirtings, movement joints and brass division strips: 6,540m2 @ £130
Vitrified ceramic tiles, 400 x 400mm, including allowance for skirtings and movement joints: 1,100m2 @ £95
Raised access floor, carpet tile, to office areas: 800m2 @ £65
Heavy-duty carpet tiles, including allowance for skirtings: 2,400m2 @ £45
Vinyl floor tiles and levelling screed, including allowance for skirtings, to core areas: 2,550m2 @ £40
Extra for finish to WCs: 400m2 @ £76
Concrete hardener to concession shells, plant rooms and baggage handling, and skirtings: 10,300m2 @ £8
Allowance for additional floor finishes: item @ £100,000
Suspended ceilings, including metal pan tiles and lay-in grid, to check-in, ticket sales and office areas: 1,650m2 @ £65
Suspended ceilings, including mineral-fibre tiles and lay-in tiles, to core areas: 440m2 @ £40
Extra over ceiling finishes generally for acoustic treatment to mall/queuing areas: 6,000m2 @ £35
Extra for moisture-resistant ceiling tiles to WC areas: 400m2 @ £10
Concrete sealant to concession shells, plant rooms and baggage handling: 10,300m2 @ £10
Extra for 4hr fire protection to areas of undercroft plant room soffit: 500m2 @ £100
Furniture and fittings	1,770,000	70.80	2.49
Check-in desks: 64 nr @ £5,000
Out-of-gauge baggage counter: item @ £40,000
Information and security desks: item @ £80,000
Ticket desks: 20 nr @ £10,000
Statutory and directional signage: item @ £240,000
Seating to check-in and departure lounge areas: 400 nr @ £250
Allowance for fixtures and fittings generally to public areas: item @ £320,000
Allowance for furniture and equipment to check-in and ticket sales areas (excluding IT installations): item @ £320,000
Allowance for fittings to back-of-house areas: item @ £150,000
Sanitary fittings	114,500	4.58	0.16
WCs, urinals, hand basins generally: 150 nr @ £650
Allowance for fittings for disabled WCs: item @ £8,100
Cleaners’ sinks: 6 nr @ £650
Allowance for drinking-water fountains: item @ £5,000
Disposal installations	445,000	17.80	0.63
Rainwater disposal, including cast-iron downpipes and fittings: 25,000m2 @ £6
Waste, soil and vent installation, including uPVC pipework and fittings: 25,000m2 @ £8
Allowance for pumped disposal from undercroft: item @ £95,000
Water installations	450,000	18.00	0.63
Hot and cold water service, including calorifiers, hot and cold water storage and distribution: 25,000m2 @ £18
Space heating and air treatment	9,610,900	384.44	13.52
Gas installation: item @ £32,000
Low-temperature hot water heating (boiler plant), including stainless steel flues, pumps and valves, distribution within plant rooms, insulation: 25,000m2 @ £24
Low-temperature hot water heating (perimeter heating), including LTHW elements and distribution: 25,000m2 @ £38
Chilled water installation, including chillers and cooling towers (total load 2,500kW), pressurisation unit, pumps and valves, distribution pipework, insulation and trace heating: 25,000m2 @ £64
Supply and extract ventilation: air-handling unit with heating and cooling batteries; ductwork in risers and plant rooms: 25,000m2 @ £32
Supply and extract ventilation: displacement system; ductwork, grilles and diffusers, insulation; to public areas: 13,500m2 @ £290
Air-conditioning: four-pipe fan-coil installation to office areas, check-in etc; LTHW and chilled water distribution, condensate drainage, fan-coil units, ductwork, insulation, grilles and diffusers: 1,650m2 @ £250
Allowance for services to comms rooms: item @ £240,000
Mechanical ventilation to baggage handling and plant rooms: 7,400m2 @ £80
Toilet extract installation: 25,000m2 @ £8
Allowance for smoke extract to public areas, roof-level extract: 13,500m2 @ £10
Extra over mechanical ventilation for smoke extract to baggage handling: 4,200m2 @ £32
Electrical installations	6,913,800	276.55	9.72
HV switchgear, 5mVA, transformers, HV cable, LV switchgear: item @ £1,600,000
Standby generation (1,750kVA) for essential services only: item @ £800,000
Mains and sub-mains installation: 25,000m2 @ £46
Small power distribution: 25,000m2 @ £16
Lighting and luminaires to public areas: 13,500m2 @ £120
Lighting and luminaires to check-in, ticket sales and offices: 1,650m2 @ £90
Lighting and luminaires to core, plant and baggage handling: 9,850m2 @ £65
Emergency lighting installation: 25,000m2 @ £15
Power to mechanical services: item @ £180,000
Lift installations	1,260,000	50.40	1.77
26-person, 0.6m/s electro-hydraulic lift serving 2 floors: 2 nr @ £150,000
2,000kg goods lift serving 3 floors: 2 nr @ £160,000
Escalator, 0.5m/s, 1m step-width, 5.2m rise, glass balustrade: 4 nr @ £160,000
Protective installations	1,210,000	48.40	1.70
Lightning protection: 25,000m2 @ £3
Earthing and bonding: 25,000m2 @ £5
Sprinkler installation, with storage tank, pumps and pipework: 25,000m2 @ £32
Allowance for dry-riser and hose-reel installations: item @ £160,000
Fire-suppression installation to comms room: item @ £50,000
Communications installations	4,075,000	163.00	5.73
Fully addressable fire and smoke detection and alarm system: 25,000m2 @ £30
Voice/public address system with interfaces to flight information, fire and security systems: 25,000m2 @ £16
Intruder detection: 25,000m2 @ £10
Allowance for security, CCTV and access control: 25,000m2 @ £32
Wireways for telephones, data and structured cable: 25,000m2 @ £13
Structured cable installation, linking check-in, ticket desks and security control points: 25,000m2 @ £30
Allowance for flight information display system; 100 LED displays, 150 monitors: item @ £800,000
Special installations	1,350,000	54.00	1.90
Building management system: 25,000m2 @ £54
(Baggage-handling installation excluded)
Builder’s work in connection	760,000	30.40	1.07%
Allowance for forming holes, chases etc @ 3%: item @ £760,000
Preliminaries and contingencies	13,915,200	556.61	19.57
Allowance for contractor’s overheads, site establishment and site supervision @ 18%: item @ £10,315,000
Allowance for commissioning management: item @ £250,000
Allowance for design reserve @ 5%: item @ £3,350,200
Total construction cost (building only)	71,100,000	2844.00	100.00
Acknowledgments: Davis Langdon would like to thank Richard Gammon of Capita Architecture and Tony Potter, Nigel Addy, John Grounds and David Unwin of Davis Langdon’s airports sector for their assistance in producing this cost model