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The effect of design on energy and carbon consumption
 estimated capital cost effect per m2annual reduction in CO2 per m2annual reduction in energy per m2anticipated payback
Increase fabric thermal mass-£8.54 20.7 kg 57 kWh0 years
Increase building envelope airtightness+£4.74 2.8 kg9.6 kWh16 years
Increase glazing performance–£0.95 9.2 kg21.3 kWh0 years
Increase solar shading+£28.46 7.3 kg14 kWh26 years
Increase daylight use+£29.41 8.8 kg20 kWh24 years