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Whole-life cost summary for two model buildings over 25 years
2000 m2 building      6000 m2 building    
Total cost £/m2 % of cost Total cost £/m2 % of cost
Capital             
Build cost 2 327 000 1 163.50 15.95 6 127 000 1 021.17 16.71
Less capital allowance –419 000 –209.50 –2.87 –1 103 000 –183.83 –3.01
Subtotal 1 908 000 954.00 13.08 5 024 000 837.33 13.70
Finance cost (real) 3 021 000 1 510.50 20.71 7 956 000 1 326.00 21.69
Total building cost 4 929 000 2 464.50 33.79 12 980 000 2 163.33 35.39
Occupancy            
M&E maintenance 474 000 237.00 3.25 1 721 000 286.83 4.69
Lifts 25 000 12.50 0.17 50 000 8.33 0.14
Fabric 14 000 7.00 0.10 38 000 6.33 0.10
External land 32 000 16.00 0.22 48 000 8.00 0.13
Cleaning 484 000 242.00 3.32 1 340 000 223.33 3.65
Waste 55 000 27.50 0.38 91 000 15.17 0.25
Electricity 428 000 214.00 2.93 1 264 000 210.67 3.45
Gas 161 000 80.50 1.10 597 000 99.50 1.63
Water 32 000 16.00 0.22 65 000 10.83 0.18
IT/communications 6 667 000 3 333.50 45.70 15 333 000 2 555.50 41.81
Catering 205 000 102.50 1.41 355 000 59.17 0.97
Management 438 000 219.00 3.00 875 000 145.83 2.39
Planned replacements 645 000 322.50 4.42 1 918 000 319.67 5.23
Subtotal 9 660 000 4 830.00 66.21 23 695 000 3 949.17 64.61
Cost over 25 years 14 589 000 7 294.50 100 36 675 000 6 112.50 100
Statistics            
Cost/m2   7 294.50     6 112.50  
Number of student spaces   240.00     700.00   
Cost/student space 60 787.50     52 392.86  
Cost/student space /year 2 431.50     2 095.71   
Comparison of service provision in the two model learning centres
Element 2000 m2 (240 student spaces) 6000 m2 (700 student spaces) Comment on costs
M&E maintenance All planned and reactive
maintenance serviced by
mobile engineers		 All planned and reactive maintenance
serviced by a resident handyman
and mobile engineers		 The higher cost for the 6000 m2
centre reflects the additional cost of
a handyman and the improved
response times achievable by
resident maintenance staff
Lifts One hydraulic lift (eight persons) Two hydraulic lifts (eight persons)  
Fabric Reactive maintenance Reactive maintenance  
External land Hard and soft landscaping Hard and soft landscaping  
Cleaning Accommodation cleaning
Monday to Friday, plus high-level
window cleaning quarterly		 Accommodation cleaning
Monday to Friday, plus high-level
window cleaning quarterly		  
Waste Paper, catering, recycled and special
waste only. No confidential waste		 Paper, catering, recycled and special
waste only. No confidential waste		  
Electricity Lighting, small power and
mechanical extract/ventilation		 Lighting, small power and mechanical
extract/ventilation		 The difference in cost is a result of the
consumption associated with studios
operating a variety of multimedia
within the 6000 m2 model centre
Gas Perimeter fan-assisted convection
heating and catering equipment		 Perimeter fan-assisted convection
heating and catering equipment		 Cost reflects lower heat gain in
6000 m2 centre because of lower
occupancy density
Water Supplies servery/bar unit, toilets
and dark room		 Supplies servery/bar unit, toilets
and dark room		  
IT/communications 80 PCs, printers and scanners, touch-
down points, one senior technician,
consumables and modifications,
line rental and call costs		 230 PCs, printers and scanners, touch-
down points, one senior technician,
two junior technicians, consumables
and necessary modifications, line
rental and call costs		 Cost difference reflects economies of
scale achievable in supporting larger
networks
Catering Catering/bar facilities Catering/bar facilities Reflects differences in subsidy
required for take-up volumes
associated with each centre. Catering
cross-subsidised from bar sales
Management One part-time facilities manager One full-time facilities manager Resource appropriate to operations
and occupancy numbers in buildings
 
IT costs for 2000 m2 building, for different time and price frames
Refresh/replace Prices Whole-life cost (£m) % of total cost
Three-year Constant 6.67 45.70
Five-year Constant 4.00 27.40
Three-year 50% reduction every five years 2.10 14.40
 
Cost summary for Surrey Institute Learning Resource Centre compared with model building of similar size
Whole-life cost: 2000 m2
(240 study spaces) learning
resource centre cost model		     Whole-life cost: 1448 m2
(250 study spaces) Surrey
Institute of Art & Design		     Cost variance between
Surrey and model		  
Total cost (£) £/m2 £/study space Total cost (£) £/m2 £/study space %/m2 %/study space
M&E maintenance 474 000 237 1 975 171 000 118.09 684 –50 –65
Lifts 25 000 12.5 104.17 23 000 15.88 92 27 –12
Fabric 14 000 7 58.33 13 000 8.98 52 28 –11
External land 32 000 16 133.33 6 000 4.14 24 –74 –82
Cleaning 484 000 242 2 016.67 327 000 225.83 1 308 –7 –35
Waste 55 000 27.5 229.17 13 000 8.98 52 –67 –77
Electricity 428 000 214 1 783.33 409 000 282.46 1 636 32 –8
Gas 161 000 80.5 670.83 161 000 111.19 644 38 –4
Water 32 000 16 133.33 2 000 1.38 8 –91 –94
IT/communications 6 667 000 3 333.5 27 779.17 5 400 000 3 729.28 21 600 12 –22
Catering 205 000 102.5 854.17 – – – – –
Management 438 000 219 1 825.00 49 000 33.84 196 –85 –89
Replacement 645 000 322.5 2 687.50 513 000 354.28 2 052 10 –24
Cost over 25 years 9 660 000 4 830 40 250 7 099 000 4 902.62 28 396 1 –30
 
Service provision at Surrey Institute Learning Resource Centre compared with model building of similar size
Element Model learning centre
2000 m2 (240 student spaces)		 Surrey Institute of Art and Design
1448 m2 (250 student spaces)		 Comment on costs
M&E maintenance All planned and reactive maintenance All planned and reactive maintenance Difference in scope of service; Surrey does not
have catering, media and exhibition assets to
maintain
Lifts One hydraulic lift One hydraulic lift  
Fabric Reactive maintenance Reactive maintenance Costs driven by occupant damage or vandalism
External land Hard and soft landscaping Soft landscaping only Difference in area
Cleaning Accommodation cleaning Accommodation cleaning Monday to Friday  
Waste Paper, catering, recycled and special waste only.
No confidential waste		 Paper and recycled waste only Model building cost includes cost of
waste disposal associated with operating of
bar/servery area
Electricity Lighting, small power and mechanical extract/
ventilation		 Lighting, small power and mechanical extract/
ventilation 		Correlation between user numbers and energy cost
shows that small power is responsible for most
of the electricity consumed in centres
Gas Perimeter fan-assisted convection Convection heating (radiators) heating, catering
equipment		 Difference reflects trade off between capital and
operating expenditure
Water Supplies catering unit, toilets and dark room Toilets only Different usage between centre
IT/communications 80 PCs, printers and scanners, touch-down points,
necessary modifications, line rental and call costs		 90 PCs, printers and scanners, touch-down points,
one senior technician, consumables and
necessary modifications, line rental and call costs		 Refresh rate for Surrey is based on a four-year cycle,
the model assumes a three-year cycle
Catering Bar/catering facilities No catering Model building costs reflect annual subsidy
Management Part-time facilities manager Campus-based facilities manager
and housekeeping team		 Cost reflects difference between dedicated manager
and percentage allocated at Surrey to manage the
centre. Surrey cost reflects economies of scale
achievable with campus-based centre